Kushandajani – Departemen Politik dan Pemerintahan – FISIP – UNDIP
Bisa diakses pada http://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.ph/index?journalsPage=2#journals
ICONEG 2016 International Conference on Ethics in Governance: Intersecting Law, Religion and Politics, 19-20th December 2016, Makassar, Indonesia
Managing Village Governance Based on Mutual Assistance (Gotong Royong)
Kushandajani dan Puji Astuti
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abstract—Law No. 6 of 2014 on Village constructs village authority in four areas: managing village governance, implementation of rural development, coaching rural community, and empowerment of rural community. Those are the basis of village governance, including the organizational structure of the village government. On the other hand, during this time, the government and villagers basically interpret the administration of the village is based on values prevailing in the local village. Then, how does the village government respond to the changes since the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 on Village? The answer to the question become the focus of this study. Qualitative research method was chosen, by using perspective of emic. Data collection techniques prioritized the use of first hand data, which were obtained from several informants through in-depth interviews and focused group discussion (FGD).
The result of this study shows that managing village governance is a concept that is integrated and could not be separated from other functions, namely implementation of rural development, coaching rural community, and empowering rural community. Instead, the last function, the empowerment of rural community, animating other functions through local value called mutual assistance (gotong royong). Mutual assistance reflects strong social capital, which build mutual trust between the village government and the villagers. The village government tried hard to maintain the value of mutual assistance, because without this value, the village government would not be able to implement rural development, coaching rural community, and run services of village administration. The strengths of this value make villagers still use traditional structure in local governance, with the retention of names such as lurah (headman), carik (village secretary), bekel (head of hamlet/dusun), and modin (head of public affairs), which attached with all the traditional rights like bengkok palungguh (the right of management given to the head of village and village officials), and bengkok pangarem-arem (the right of management of the head of village and village officials who had completed his tenure).
The conclusion of this study shows that the state are being ambiguous to the village. On the one hand, villages are granted autonomy, but on the other hand, villages are treated as part of decentralization, where the villages run certain functions provided by the central government, provincial, and district levels. Nevertheless, the village government was able to maintain the value of mutual assistance in implementing village administration. The village government’s ability in accommodating the interests of the village in the rural community and the interests of the central government, has implication in the organizational structure of village government, where there are at least two structures: one is to accomodate the functions of traditional government, and the second one is to accommodate the functions of modern government administration
Keywords— village governance, social capital, local wisdom, village government functions, organizational structure of village government
Pada hari ini, Rabu tanggal 15 Maret 2017, Pusat Kajian dan Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Aparatur 1 Lembaga Administrasi Negara (PKP2A 1 LAN) menyelenggarakan Lokakarya Peningkatan Kapasitas Pemerintah Desa di Gedung Serba Guna PKP2A I LAN Jl. Kiara Payung Jatinangor Kabupaten Sumedang. Tema dari lokakarya ini adalah “Menyongsong Kemandirian Desa melalui Kolaborasi dan Sinergi Multi-Stakeholders.”
Lokakarya Peningkatan Kapasitas Pemerintahan di Daerah ini bertujuan untuk menginspirasi dan menstimulasi aparatur desa dalam melakukan pengelolaan desa secara strategis, inovatif, sinergis dan kolaboratif dalam implementasi UU No. 6/ 2014 sehingga desa dapat mandiri. Adapun narasumber yang hadir dalam lokakarya ini adalah:
Adapun komposisi dari peserta yang berasal dari berbagai daerah ini adalah sebagai berikut :
Theme: Politics and Governmental Issues
Sub Theme: Governmental Systems and Practices
THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOCIAL POLITICS (ICSP)
Yogyakarta. 26-28 JANUARY 2016
A B S T R A C T
Village Authority Based on Indigenous Right and Local Scale Authority:
Implications of Law No. 6/2014 toward Village Authority
Lecturer of Government Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. Email: ningpemfisip_undip@yahoo.co.id
Law No 6/2014 constructs village authority into four forms in which the most important forms are indigenous or original village authority and village based local authority. This form includes authorities in village government functions, village development management and village social empowerment. State legal construction is in practice already implemented by village government. This research is therefore design to provide a bridge between state construction and village society construction in regard to these village authorities. This research occupies qualitative type by using emic method and interviews with key informants as well as focused group discussion (FGD). Locations of research are in two villages, namely Pekuncen and Lerep.
Research results show that there is different conditions in implementing village authorities between Pekuncen and Lerep Villages. In Pekuncen Village, there is good synergy between indigenous rights and formal village authorities. This may happen since the people of Pekuncen village are coming from the same tribe, namely Bonokeling. In Pekuncen village, indigenous or original village authorities are embedded with the formal village authority functions so that it has difficulty to distinguish between the two authorities. However, Pekuncen village can not be mentioned as indigenous village (desa adat) because the government process has already implemented village law and regulation. Lerep Village is having deferent picture. Lerep is village that very fast in responding to the modernization and development of village authorities since there is a high demand for public services and developments. Lerep is very closed to the capital city of Semarang Regency, Ungaran, but this village is still formed as a village, not a city. The village life still takes place in Lerep as early formed in the government village system.
This research concludes that village authorities can not be implemented in the same way with local government decentralization. This is because village original or indigenous rights have already came firstly prior to local government decentralization or autonomy. Importantly, indigenous or original village construction should be integrated in state construction (by law) in order to effectively operate village governance. The principal of law recognition is pivotal to be implemented, namely the central and local governments recognize the village original or indigenous village authorities in order to guarantee the village government management will be conducted well. This conclusion or research findings contribute to the science of government, particularly in the importance of authority integration between indigenous and the formal authorities by law.
Keywords: village governance, village authority, village original rights, village government functions, village based local authority.
RINGKASAN PENELITIAN
IMPLIKASI UU NO. 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA TERHADAP KEWENANGAN DESA
Penelitian Fundamental (Kemenristekdikti) Tahun 2015
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kehadiran UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, yang merupakan UU ketiga yang mengatur secara khusus tentang Desa, selain UU No. 19 Tahun 1965 tentang Desapraja dan UU No. 5 Tahun 1979 tentang Pemerintahan Desa. Kehadiran UU baru tersebut akan memberikan implikasi bagi kewenangan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa ke depan. Sebagai langkah antisipasi penting dilakukan penelitian tentang kewenangan dan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa. Melalui identifikasi kewenangan yang dilaksanakan dan prediksi perkembangan kewenangan desa ke depan (tahun-1), maka akan mampu diantisipasi pula pola penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa (tahun-2).
Selamat Datang Mahasiswa Baru 2015
Kisah Dosen (yang sudah setengah tua) – 2
Oleh: Kushandajani
Tulisan ini memang sangat terlambat……..karena setiap kali akan merampungkan tulisan ini ada saja hal yang mampu mengalihkan perhatian….namun…sekerap apapun pengalihan perhatian itu terjadi, pikiran terus saja kembali ke sini. Tulisan ini harus selesai,….sebagai penggenapan janjiku pada mahasiswa baruku…..
Dan inilah kisahnya……..
Kisah Dosen (setengah tua) – 1
Oleh: Kushandajani
Ada seorang dosen, sudah separuh umur, sudah bekerja lebih dari separuh umurnya, sedang melamun. Dia bernostalgia…..dulu rasa-rasanya begitu berbeda dengan sekarang…hadir di kelas bertemu dengan mahasiswa yang hanya sekelas tiap mata kuliah…. mengajar dengan sepenuh hati tanpa dikejar-kejar waktu harus masuk ke kelas berikutnya dengan perhitungan waktu yang sudah diformula sedemikian rupa. Dulu….dia bisa melakukan pengabdian pada masyarakat bersama-sama dengan jurusan atau program studi lain…hidup bersama dalam komunitas akademis yang terasa tanpa sekat.
KUSHANDAJANI, penelitian, Inovasi Manajemen Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan, FISIP Undip, 2013. Lokasi Penelitian di Kota Pekalongan
ABSTRAKSI
Keyword: desentralisasi, manajemen pemerintahan,, kelembagaan
Dilatarbelakangi oleh keprihatinan yang mendalam terhadap fenomena kemiskinan di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, sementara di sisi lain penerapan desentralisasi sudah berlangsung cukup lama, maka penting untuk melakukan kajian tentang bagaimana pemerintah daerah melakukan inovasi manajemen pemerintahan daerah guna mencari solusi masalah kemiskinan di daerah masing-masing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Walikota Pekalongan dalam menggerakkan lembaga-lembaga yang ada di tingkat kelurahan atau Lima Pilar: Lurah, Badan Keswadayaan Masyarakat (BKM), Lembaga Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (LPM), Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK), dan Karang Taruna untuk bersama-sama mengelola program penanggulangan kemiskinan memberi arti positip. Melalui penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan di tingkat kelurahan maka program-program inovasi dapat dikelola dengan baik, dan memacu partisipasi masyarakat makin tinggi. Semua langkah tersebut didukung melalui perencanaan dan pengangggaran integratif, yang memadukan perencanaan dan penganggaran pusat dengan Kota Pekalongan. Program-program inovasi yang dilahirkan dari kemampuan dan komitmen berbagai stakeholders Kota Pekalongan pada akhirnya mampu diaplikasikan dalam masyarakat seperti Replikasi Program Penangggulangan Kemiskinan Perkotaan (P2KP) Program Percepatan Pembangunan Keluarga Sejahtera Berbasis Masyarakat (P2KSBM) yang telah dipayungi dengan Peraturan Daerah (Perda) Kota Pekalongan No. 11 Tahun 2008, Program Daerah Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PDPM), dan Replikasi PLPBK yang fokus pada pembangunan lingkungan permukiman kelurahan. Berbagai faktor pendukung keberhasilan Kota Pekalongan dalam melahirkan dan mengaplikasikan program-program inovatif antara lain adalah kepemimpinan walikota yang kuat dan bervisi jangka panjang, dukungan DPRD, dukungan SKPD, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Semua langkah diikat dengan Peraturan Daerah, sehingga semua pihak terikat untuk melaksanakan program sesuai dengan amanah peraturan daerah sebagai dasar hukum tertinggi di daerah.
